2010 39(5):608-611., and electrochemical deposition technique (ECD) is used for the synthesis of semiconductors oxides at low temperature 17 17 Khelladi MR, Mentar L, Beniaiche A, Makhloufi L, Azizi A. Properties of In-Doped ZnO Films Grown by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition on GaN(0001) Templates. 2003 247(3-4):497-504., chemical vapour deposition CVD 16 16 Ben-Yaacov T, Ive T, Van de Walle CG, Mishra UK, Speck JS, Denbaars SP. Growth of pure ZnO thin films prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis on silicon. 2014 4(1):35-39., spray pyrolysis 15 15 Ayouchi R, Martin F, Leinen D, Ramos-Barrado JR. Journal of Intense Pulsed Lasers and Applications in Advanced Physics. Effect of substrate on physical properties of pulse laser deposited ZnO thin films. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. Pulse laser deposited nanostructured ZnO thin films: a review. Different processes are used to prepare ZnO thin film synthesis such as Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) 13 13 Kumar R, Kumar G, Umar A. Sensing characteristics of tin-doped ZnO thin films as NO2 gas sensor. Recently, semiconducting metal oxide materials (such as ZnO) have used as gas sensors, since they develop electrical characteristics influenced by the composition of the surrounding gas ambience 12 12 Shishiyanu ST, Shishiyanu TS, Lupan OI. Microfluidics based onZnO/nanocrystalline diamond surface acoustic wave devices. 2003 75(1-2):171-178., piezoelectric transducer and surface acoustic wave device 11 11 Fu YQ, Garcia-Gancedo L, Pang HF, Porro S, Gu YW, Luo JK, et al. Yield issues on the fabrication of 30 cm×30 cm-sized Cu(In,Ga)Se2-based thin-film modules. 2008 37(5):760-763., transparent conductor 10 10 Kushiya K, Ohshita M, Hara I, Tanaka Y, Sang B, Nagoya Y, et al. A High-Performance Ultraviolet Photoconductive Detector Based on a ZnO Film Grown by RF Sputtering. 2008 134(2):654-659., UV photodetector 9 9 Bi Z, Zhang JW, Bian XM, Wang D, Zhang X, Zhang WF, et al. Al-doped ZnO thin films as methanol sensors. The superior performance of the electrochemically grown ZnO thin films as methane sensor. Enhanced response of porous ZnO nanobeads towards LPG: effect of Pd sensitization. 2008 37(9):1237-1240., and surge protection element in electronic circuitry 6 6 Shinde VR, Gujar TP, Lokhande CD. ZnO TFT Devices Built on Glass Substrates. , 5 5 Zhu J, Chen H, Saraf G, Duan Z, Lu Y, Hsu ST. ZnO-based transparent thin-film transistors. In addition, ZnO is useful in many potential applications and can be exploited as a thin film transistor (TFT) 4 4 Hoffman RL, Norris BJ, Wager JF. ZnO and Related Materials for Sensors and Light-Emitting Diodes.
and in light emitting diode (LED) 3 3 Pearton SJ, Lim WT, Wright JS, Tien LC, Kim HS, Norton DP, et al. Transparent conductive Al-doped ZnO films for liquid crystal displays. 2009 53(11):1149-1153., in liquid crystal display (LCD) 2 2 Oh BY, Jeong MC, Moon TH, Lee W, Myoung JM, Hwang JY, et al. Growth of ZnO:Al films by RF sputtering at room temperature for solar cell applications. So, it can be used as a transparent electrode in solar cells manufacturing 1 1 Wang ZA, Chu JB, Zhu HB, Sun Z, Chen YW, Huang SM. ZnO is a direct band gap semiconductor of energy E g = 3.37 eV, and exciton binding energy of ~ 60 meV at room temperature. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a promising wide band gap semiconductors due to its low electrical resistivity, high conductivity, environmental stability, nontoxicity and transparency, as well as being inexpensive.
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